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/bionic/libc/malloc_debug/
DREADME.md4 Malloc debug is a method of debugging native memory problems. It can help
10 The documentation for malloc debug on older versions of Android is
13 When malloc debug is enabled, it works by adding a shim layer that replaces
32 NOTE: There is a small behavioral change beginning in P for realloc.
41 Malloc debug is controlled by individual options. Each option can be enabled
48 Enables a small buffer placed before the allocated data. This is an attempt
50 On first allocation, this front guard is written with a specific pattern (0xaa).
51 When the allocation is freed, the guard is checked to verify it has not been
52 modified. If any part of the front guard is modified, an error will be reported
55 If the backtrace option is also enabled, then any error message will include
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DREADME_marshmallow_and_earlier.md4 Malloc debug is a method of debugging native memory problems. It can help
10 is not guaranteed to work at all.
12 The documentation for malloc debug on newer versions of Android is
19 When malloc debug is enabled, it works by adding a shim layer that replaces
39 Malloc debug is controlled by a system property that takes a numeric value
59 entry is returned in the list.
66 Whenever an allocation is created, initialize the data with a known
68 Whenever an allocation is freed, write a known pattern over the data (0xef).
78 A 32 byte buffer is placed before the returned allocation (known as
79 a front guard). This buffer is filled with the pattern (0xaa). In addition,
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DREADME_api.md12 *info* is set to a buffer allocated by the call that contains all of
14 *overall\_size* is set to the total size of the buffer returned. If this
16 value is zero, then there are no allocation being tracked.
17 *total\_memory* is set to the sum of all allocation sizes that are live at
20 *backtrace\_size* is set to the maximum number of backtrace entries
37 The number of *uintptr\_t* values is determined by the value
39 *get\_malloc\_leak\_info*. This value is not variable, it is the same
44 Each *uintptr\_t* is a pc of the callstack. If the total number
45 of backtrace entries is less than *backtrace\_size*, the rest of the
53 The total number of these structures returned in *info* is
/bionic/libc/malloc_hooks/
DREADME.md5 happen during execution. It is only available in Android P and newer versions
11 When malloc hooks is enabled, it works by adding a shim layer that replaces
35 When malloc is called and \_\_malloc\_hook has been set, then the hook
36 function is called instead.
38 When realloc is called and \_\_realloc\_hook has been set, then the hook
39 function is called instead.
41 When free is called and \_\_free\_hook has been set, then the hook
42 function is called instead.
44 When memalign is called and \_\_memalign\_hook has been set, then the hook
45 function is called instead.
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/bionic/libm/upstream-freebsd/lib/msun/src/
De_powf.c64 int32_t hx,hy,ix,iy,is; in __ieee754_powf() local
148 GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t1); in __ieee754_powf()
149 SET_FLOAT_WORD(t1,is&0xfffff000); in __ieee754_powf()
171 GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,s_h); in __ieee754_powf()
172 SET_FLOAT_WORD(s_h,is&0xfffff000); in __ieee754_powf()
174 is = ((ix>>1)&0xfffff000)|0x20000000; in __ieee754_powf()
175 SET_FLOAT_WORD(t_h,is+0x00400000+(k<<21)); in __ieee754_powf()
184 GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,t_h); in __ieee754_powf()
185 SET_FLOAT_WORD(t_h,is&0xfffff000); in __ieee754_powf()
192 GET_FLOAT_WORD(is,p_h); in __ieee754_powf()
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/bionic/docs/
Dnative_allocator.md10 It is important to note that there are two modes for a native allocator
11 to run in on Android. The first is the normal allocator, the second is
12 called the svelte config, which is designed to run on memory constrained
18 The `BoardConfig.mk` file is usually found in the directory
35 is made to `malloc_enable`, the paused threads should start running again.
39 to `malloc_disable`. This call will unpause any thread which is making
45 system. It is meant to be called after a call to `malloc_disable` to
46 prevent further allocations while this call is being executed. To
47 see what is expected for this function, the best description is the
55 When set to zero, `mallopt(M_DECAY_TIME, 0)`, it is expected that an
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Ddefines.md3 Using `#ifdef` or equivalents is common when writing portable code. Which to use
9 If your code is specific to Android's C library, bionic, use `__BIONIC__`. This
10 is typically a good choice when you use libc API that's only in bionic, such as
12 `__GLIBC__`, `__APPLE__`, or `_WIN32`. Note that although bionic is most often
13 seen on Android devices, it is possible to use bionic on the host too.
17 If your code is specific to Android devices, use `__ANDROID__`. This isn't
18 useful as you might think, and one of the other choices on this page is usually
19 more appropriate. This is typically a good choice if you have code that's part
21 Genuine cases are quite rare, and `__BIONIC__` is often more specific (but
22 remember that it is possible -- if unusual -- to use bionic on the host).
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Dlibc_assembler.md9 verify that the routine is being properly tested.
18 there is no major difference in performance on each.
50 This is for 64 bit libc routines.
54 This is for 32 bit libc routines.
56 Here is an example of how the benchmark should be executed. For this
62 The last argument is the name of the one function that you want to
74 Bionic benchmarks is based on the [Google Benchmarks](https://github.com/google/benchmark)
82 …***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark real time measurements may be noisy and will i…
93 When running the benchmarks, CPU scaling is not normally enabled. This means
96 is beyond the scope of this document. However, most of the benchmarks max
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D32-bit-abi.md5 On 32-bit Android, `off_t` is a signed 32-bit integer. This limits functions
46 aren't aware that `_FILE_OFFSET_BITS` is set. You might also have to
47 remove references to `__USE_FILE_OFFSET64` --- this is the internal
48 flag that should never be set by user code but sometimes is (by zlib,
56 #error "oops, __USE_FILE_OFFSET64 is defined"
60 In the 64-bit ABI, `off_t` is always 64-bit.
66 ## `sigset_t` is too small for real-time signals
68 On 32-bit Android, `sigset_t` is too small for ARM and x86. This means that
69 there is no support for real-time signals in 32-bit code. Android P (API
74 On 32-bit Android, `struct sigaction` is also too small because it contains
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Delf-tls.md12 ELF TLS is a system for automatically allocating thread-local variables with cooperation among the
21 At run-time, TLS variables are allocated on a module-by-module basis, where a module is a shared
40 an executable, the linker needs to know where an executable's TLS segment is relative to the TP so
42 thread-specific data layout, but variant 1 is more problematic than variant 2.
46 1, and its storage will always be immediately after (or before) the TP. In variant 1, the TP is
48 from TP is implementation-defined.
50 The DTV's "generation" field is used to lazily update/reallocate the DTV when new modules are loaded
100 `R_TLS_DTPMOD` is a dynamic relocation to the index of the module containing `tls_var`, and
101 `R_TLS_DTPOFF` is a dynamic relocation to the offset of `tls_var` within its module's `PT_TLS`
105 module's TLS block. Before it can do this, it ensures that the module's TLS block is allocated. A
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Dstatus.md16 Some POSIX functionality is not supported by the Linux kernel, and
17 is guarded with tests for `__linux__`. Other functionality is not
41 [This is why we can't have safe cancellation points](https://lwn.net/Articles/683118/)
75 * `aligned_alloc` correctly verifies that `size` is a multiple of `alignment`.
76 * Using `%n` with the printf family is now reported as a FORTIFY failure.
79 is unchanged.
108 * Passing a null `FILE*` or `DIR*` to libc is now detected at runtime and
135 * Passing an invalid `pthread_t` to libc is now detected at runtime and
136 reported as a FORTIFY failure. Most commonly this is a result of confusing
278 `pthread_t` is handled. For `pthread_detach`, `pthread_getcpuclockid`,
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Dfdsan.md6 *What problem is fdsan trying to solve? Why should I care?*
27 the following interleaving is possible:
43 …is responsible for their closure. fdsan provides functions to associate a file descriptor with an …
45 The way this is implemented is by providing functions to set a 64-bit closure tag on a file descrip…
47 If a file descriptor that's been marked with a tag is closed with an incorrect tag, or without a ta…
63 The likelihood of fdsan catching a file descriptor error is proportional to the percentage of file …
136 … we're accidentally closing out file descriptor too early, or someone else is helpfully closing it…
158 … we've guarded the file descriptor with fdsan, we should be able to find where the double close is:
186 …is (hopefully!) not a bug in fdsan, and will commonly be seen when tracking down double-closes in …
227 …ly not going to be as detectable or reproducible as our toy example, which is a good reason to try…
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/bionic/linker/
Dld.config.format.md14 This part of the document maps location of an executable to a section. Here is an example
16 The format is `dir.<section_name>=<directory>`
22 Every section starts with `[section_name]` (which is used in mappings) and it defines namespaces
35 # When this flag is set to true linker will set target_sdk_version for this binary to
38 # default value is false
41 # This property can be used to declare additional namespaces. Note that there is always the default
42 # namespace. The default namespace is the namespace for the main executable. This list is
46 # Each namespace property starts with "namespace.<namespace-name>" The following is configuration
49 # Is namespace isolated - the default value is false
52 # Default namespace search path. Note that ${LIB} here is substituted with "lib" for 32bit targets
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/bionic/libc/
DSECCOMP_BLOCKLIST_COMMON.TXT1 # This file is used to populate seccomp's allowlist policy in combination with SYSCALLS.TXT.
2 # Note that the resultant policy is applied only to zygote spawned processes.
4 # The final seccomp allowlist is SYSCALLS.TXT - SECCOMP_BLOCKLIST.TXT + SECCOMP_ALLOWLIST.TXT
7 # This file is processed by a python script named genseccomp.py.
DSECCOMP_BLOCKLIST_APP.TXT1 # This file is used to populate seccomp's allowlist policy in combination with SYSCALLS.TXT.
2 # Note that the resultant policy is applied only to zygote spawned processes.
4 # The final seccomp allowlist is SYSCALLS.TXT - SECCOMP_BLOCKLIST.TXT + SECCOMP_ALLOWLIST.TXT
7 # This file is processed by a python script named genseccomp.py.
10 # including capset and setresuid. This is because the seccomp filter must be installed while
24 # setresuid is explicitly allowed, see above.
DSECCOMP_ALLOWLIST_SYSTEM.TXT1 # This file is used to populate seccomp's allowlist policy in combination with SYSCALLS.TXT.
2 # Note that the resultant policy is applied only to zygote spawned processes.
4 # This file is processed by a python script named genseccomp.py.
DSECCOMP_PRIORITY.TXT1 # This file is used to populate seccomp's allowlist policy in combination with SYSCALLS.TXT.
2 # Note that the resultant policy is applied only to zygote spawned processes.
4 # This file is processed by a python script named genseccomp.py.
DSECCOMP_ALLOWLIST_APP.TXT1 # This file is used to populate seccomp's allowlist policy in combination with SYSCALLS.TXT.
2 # Note that the resultant policy is applied only to zygote spawned processes.
4 # This file is processed by a python script named genseccomp.py.
DSECCOMP_ALLOWLIST_COMMON.TXT1 # This file is used to populate seccomp's allowlist policy in combination with SYSCALLS.TXT.
2 # Note that the resultant policy is applied only to zygote spawned processes.
4 # This file is processed by a python script named genseccomp.py.
18 # vfork is used by java.lang.ProcessBuilder
/bionic/
DREADME.md3 [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_(software)) is Android's
12 This documentation is about making changes to bionic itself.
28 The dynamic linker interface library. This is actually just a bunch of stubs
30 runtime. This is where stuff like `dlopen(3)` lives.
108 # This is where we keep the hacks necessary to build BSD source
114 # This is the biggest mess. The C++ files are files we own, typically
115 # because the Linux kernel interface is sufficiently different that we
144 The first question you should ask is "should I add a libc wrapper for
145 this system call?". The answer is usually "no".
147 The answer is "yes" if the system call is part of the POSIX standard.
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Dandroid-changes-for-ndk-developers.md19 Our general practice with dynamic linker behavior changes is that they
29 is loaded, even if you're not yet targeting that API level.
67 group. The global group is shared by all libraries and contains the main
69 flag set (by passing “-z global” to ld(1)). The local group is
86 The dlopen(3) RTLD_LOCAL flag used to be ignored but is implemented
87 correctly in API 23 and later. Note that RTLD_LOCAL is the default,
97 symbol lookup and is now supported by the dynamic linker in API 23 and
107 is the first release where search by soname is implemented. Earlier
128 version. This is supported in API level 23 and above.
153 non-NDK platform libraries. Starting with API 24 this rule is enforced and
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/bionic/benchmarks/
DREADME.md7 `bionic-benchmarks` is a command line tool for measuring the runtimes of libc functions. It is built
35 to an XML file such as `/data/nativetest/suites/example.xml`, it will be used as-is.
37 If no XML file is specified through the command-line option, the default is to use `suites/full.xml…
38 However, for the host bionic benchmarks (`bionic-benchmarks-glibc`), the default is to use
43 The format for a benchmark is:
96 spent in the spawned process. The real-time is probably more useful, and it is the figure used to
107 "repetitions". By default, the repetition count is one. Google Benchmark runs the benchmark a few
161 A similar result can be achieved using `taskset`. The first parameter is a bitmask of core numbers
182 …***WARNING*** CPU scaling is enabled, the benchmark real time measurements may be noisy and will i…
/bionic/tests/libs/
DAndroid.bp11 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
308 // This set of libraries is used to verify linker namespaces.
370 // This set of libraries is used to verify linker namespaces for allow all
422 // This set of libraries is to test isolated namespaces
428 // libraries is outside of the search paths.
521 // This one is used to test dlopen
545 // because B is the first in the D (below) dependency order, and library A
546 // is already loaded using the correct DT_RUNPATH from library B.
973 // last version - this one is used at the runtime and exports 3 versions
982 // This library is empty, the actual implementation will provide an unversioned
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/bionic/benchmarks/spawn/
DAndroid.bp97 // When this binary is installed to host/linux-x86/bin, its runpath is ${ORIGIN}/../lib64, which
98 // is fine for finding host/linux-x86/lib64/libc++.so. When it's installed to
/bionic/libc/kernel/
DREADME.md64 version of the linux stable kernel headers the mainline source code is
65 tracking, read the uapi/linux/version.h that is generated.
76 source tree if there is a kernel source tree already checked out:
82 and import them if there is no checked out kernel source tree:

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