深海游弋的鱼 – 第 5 页

snap国内加速

最近升级到ubuntu 20.04之后，大量的软件都已经通过snap方式安装了，但是由于国内没有镜像服务器，导致下载速度很慢，解决方式如下：

$ sudo apt-get install snapd

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

$ sudo apt-get install snapd

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

ubuntu 18.04更新snap慢或者失败

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy 

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

# 更新已经安装的软件
$ sudo snap refresh

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

# 更新已经安装的软件

$ sudo snap refresh

参考链接

Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS隐藏Tomcat-9.0.16.0的版本号与操作系统类型

其他方案

其他的方案跟 Ubuntu 14.04隐藏Tomcat-7.0.52的版本号与操作系统类型是一致的，但是具体的细节上存在不小的差异，还是需要记录一下。

$ cd ~

$ mkdir catalina

$ cd catalina

$ cp /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar .

$ unzip catalina.jar

$ cd org/apache/catalina/util

$ vim ServerInfo.properties

$ cd ~

$ mkdir catalina

$ cd catalina

$ cp /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar .

$ unzip catalina.jar

$ cd org/apache/catalina/util

$ vim ServerInfo.properties

可以看到里面的内容如下：

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)
server.number=9.0.16.0
server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)

server.number=9.0.16.0

server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

直接注释掉里面的内容，如下：

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)
# server.number=9.0.16.0
# server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)

# server.number=9.0.16.0

# server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

修改完成后，把修改完成的数据存储到catalina.jar中。

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk-headless

$ jar uvf catalina.jar org/apache/catalina/util/ServerInfo.properties

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk-headless

$ jar uvf catalina.jar org/apache/catalina/util/ServerInfo.properties

把修改后的catalina.jar放回到Tomcat的目录下面:

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo unlink /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar 

$ sudo mv /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar.old

$ sudo cp catalina.jar /usr/share/java/

$ sudo chmod +r /usr/share/java/catalina.jar

$ cd /usr/share/tomcat9/lib

$ sudo ln -s ../../java/catalina.jar catalina.jar

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo unlink /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar

$ sudo mv /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar.old

$ sudo cp catalina.jar /usr/share/java/

$ sudo chmod +r /usr/share/java/catalina.jar

$ cd /usr/share/tomcat9/lib

$ sudo ln -s ../../java/catalina.jar catalina.jar

重启Tomcat的服务

$ sudo service tomcat9 restart

1	$ sudo service tomcat9 restart

参考链接

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS之后letsencrypt证书更新出现异常“ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref”

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS之后，letsencrypt证书更新出现异常,如下：

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto
Error: couldn't get currently installed version for /opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt: 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt", line 7, in <module>
    from certbot.main import main
  File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/main.py", line 2, in <module>
    from certbot._internal import main as internal_main
  File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/_internal/main.py", line 6, in <module>
    import logging.handlers
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>
    import sys, os, time, cStringIO, traceback, warnings, weakref, collections
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/weakref.py", line 14, in <module>
    from _weakref import (
ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto

Error: couldn't get currently installed version for /opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt:

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt", line 7, in <module>

from certbot.main import main

File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/main.py", line 2, in <module>

from certbot._internal import main as internal_main

File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/_internal/main.py", line 6, in <module>

import logging.handlers

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>

import sys, os, time, cStringIO, traceback, warnings, weakref, collections

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/weakref.py", line 14, in <module>

from _weakref import (

ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref

原因为系统版本变化过大导致以前安装的Python组件不能适应最新的系统，最简单的方法就是删除之前安装的Python组件，让letsencrypt重新安装即可。

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

$ sudo rm -rf /opt/eff.org/

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

$ sudo rm -rf /opt/eff.org/

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto

参考链接

Cannot renew certificate “ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref”

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS

参考阿里云ECS ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS升级到ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS / 阿里云从ubuntu16.04.5升级到ubuntu 18.04.3后调整PHP 7.0到PHP 7.2 整个的升级步骤是差不多的，腾讯的升级流程更加顺利。

但是在升级完成之后，遇到了一个域名解析问题，报错如下：

$ ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: Temporary failure in name resolution

$ sudo apt-get update
Err:1 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'
Err:2 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'
Err:3 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

$ ping www.baidu.com

ping: www.baidu.com: Temporary failure in name resolution

$ sudo apt-get update

Err:1 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease

Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

Err:2 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease

Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

Err:3 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease

Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

这个原因是因为我们在安装过程中，覆盖了腾讯设置的域名解析服务配置文件。

这个配置文件是/etc/resolv.conf。

但是，在Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS系统上，直接修改/etc/resolv.conf的话，重启系统之后，设置会被还原。我们需要修改/etc/systemd/resolved.conf才行。

根据地域的不同，服务器的地址存在差异，参考下面的脚本即可。

广州服务器：

# 不存在则增加
$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换
$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

# 不存在则增加

$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换

$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效

$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

上海服务器：

# 不存在则增加
$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换
$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

# 不存在则增加

$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换

$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效

$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

香港服务器：

# 不存在则增加
$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换
$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

# 不存在则增加

$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换

$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效

$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

参考链接

Ubuntu 18.04/20.04更换国内源

今天发现cn.archive.ubuntu.com不能更新了，只能换成国内源:

$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 阿里云
$ sudo sed -i "s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apt/sources.list

$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 阿里云

$ sudo sed -i "s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apt/sources.list

参考链接

ubuntu 阿里云源

ubuntu 18.04系统报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip._internal'

重新安装的ubuntu 18.04系统上初次安装python3-pip之后，执行升级命令，出现如下错误信息：

$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip

$ sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/pip3", line 7, in <module>
    from pip._internal import main
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip._internal'

$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip

$ sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/usr/local/bin/pip3", line 7, in <module>

from pip._internal import main

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip._internal'

解决方法为重新升级安装一次 pip，如下：

$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

1	$ python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

参考链接

No module named 'pip._internal.cli.main'

利用Ubuntu 18.04恢复群晖(Synology)NAS Raid1(DSM 6.x)硬盘数据

如果 Synology NAS 出现故障，则可以使用计算机和 Ubuntu live CD 轻松恢复其硬盘上存储的数据。确保 Synology NAS 硬盘上运行的文件系统是 EXT4 或 Btrfs，然后按照以下步骤恢复数据。此处我们以 Ubuntu 18.04 版本为例。

继续阅读利用Ubuntu 18.04恢复群晖(Synology)NAS Raid1(DSM 6.x)硬盘数据

ubuntu 18.04系统/var/log/auth.log文件不存在

通过 /var/log/auth.log 文件可以查看一些关于 ssh 登陆、sudo 命令的信息。尤其是 denyhosts 依赖这个日志拦截非法的登陆攻击。但是，我最近遇到了一个问题，在阿里云的一些主机上没有这个文件，或者日志文件在自动备份（比如被重命名成 /var/log/auth.log.1 ）之后，没有重新生成新的 /var/log/auth.log 。

检查 /var/log 目录的所有者信息，如下：

$ ls -l /var/ | grep log
drwxr-xr-x 23 root    syslog  4096 Apr  8 18:04 log

1 2	$ ls -l /var/ \| grep log drwxr-xr-x 23 root syslog 4096 Apr 8 18:04 log

这里的所有者权限信息是不正确的，缺少所有者所在组的文件创建权限，导致文件创建出现问题。因此需要如下命令：

$ chmod -R 775 /data/log

$ ls -l /var/ | grep log
drwxrwxr-x 23 root    syslog  4096 Apr  8 18:04 log

$ chmod -R 775 /data/log

$ ls -l /var/ | grep log

drwxrwxr-x 23 root syslog 4096 Apr 8 18:04 log

接着手工创建日志文件，如下：

$ touch /var/log/auth.log

$ chmod 640 /var/log/auth.log 

$ chown syslog.adm /var/log/auth.log 

$ ls -la /var/log/auth.log

$ touch /var/log/auth.log

$ chmod 640 /var/log/auth.log

$ chown syslog.adm /var/log/auth.log

$ ls -la /var/log/auth.log

参考链接

/var/log/auth.log文件不存在

ubuntu 18.04使用apt-get安装eclipse无法启动

ubuntu 18.04使用apt-get安装eclipse无法启动,报告如下错误：

继续阅读ubuntu 18.04使用apt-get安装eclipse无法启动

分类： Ubuntu

snap国内加速

ubuntu 18.04更新snap慢或者失败

参考链接

Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS隐藏Tomcat-9.0.16.0的版本号与操作系统类型

推荐方案

其他方案

参考链接

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS之后letsencrypt证书更新出现异常“ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref”

参考链接

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS

参考链接

Ubuntu 18.04/20.04更换国内源

参考链接

ubuntu 18.04系统报错ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pip._internal'

参考链接

利用Ubuntu 18.04恢复群晖(Synology)NAS Raid1(DSM 6.x)硬盘数据

ubuntu 18.04系统/var/log/auth.log文件不存在

参考链接

ubuntu 18.04使用apt-get安装eclipse无法启动

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