rsync，remote synchronize顾名思意就知道它是一款实现远程同步功能的软件，它在同步文件的同时，可以保持原来文件的权限、时间、软硬链接等附加信息。
默认情况ubuntu安装了rsync服务，但在/etc下没有配置文件，一般情况可以copy示例文件到/etc下
- 安装sync，xinetd
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$ sudo apt-get install rsync xinetd |
- 拷贝示例配置文件到/etc目录下
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$ sudo cp /usr/share/doc/rsync/examples/rsyncd.conf /etc |
查看内容，可以看到如下内容
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# sample rsyncd.conf configuration file # GLOBAL OPTIONS #motd file=/etc/motd #log file=/var/log/rsyncd # for pid file, do not use /var/run/rsync.pid if # you are going to run rsync out of the init.d script. # pid file=/var/run/rsyncd.pid #syslog facility=daemon #socket options= # MODULE OPTIONS [ftp] comment = public archive path = /var/www/pub use chroot = yes # max connections=10 lock file = /var/lock/rsyncd # the default for read only is yes... read only = yes list = yes uid = nobody gid = nogroup # exclude = # exclude from = # include = # include from = # auth users = # secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets strict modes = yes # hosts allow = # hosts deny = ignore errors = no ignore nonreadable = yes transfer logging = no # log format = %t: host %h (%a) %o %f (%l bytes). Total %b bytes. timeout = 600 refuse options = checksum dry-run dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.rpm *.deb *.iso *.bz2 *.tbz |
- 修改同步的目录，用户名，密码，日志信息
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$ sudo vim /etc/rsyncd.conf |
1.修改
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path = /var/www/pub |
为需要同步的目录。
如果路径中存在空格，则要分两种情况处理，如果空格在路径中间，如"/nfs/Public/Shared Videos",则直接写
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path = /nfs/Public/Shared Videos |
如果空格在路径的最后面，如"/nfs/Public/Shared Videos "，则需要如下形式设置,注意最后面的"\ ",是一个反斜杠加空格，否则最后的空格会被忽略。
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path = /nfs/Public/Shared Videos\ |
2.设置可以登录的用户名，密码，修改
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# auth users = # secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets |
为
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auth users = user secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets |
配置用户名和密码
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$ sudo vim /etc/rsyncd.secrets user:password |
赋予权限 rsyncd.secrets的权限必须为600
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$ sudo chmod 600 /etc/rsyncd.secrets |
3.开启日志
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#log file=/var/log/rsyncd |
为
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log file=/var/log/rsyncd |
4.如果提示
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rsync: change_dir "/" (in ftp) failed: Permission denied (13) |
则调整
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uid = nobody gid = nogroup |
为
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uid = root gid = root |
5.对于严格要求一致性的重要的文件,去掉"refuse options"中的"checksum",这样会导致同步变慢，但是会比较安全（已经有报告说当同步时候不校验MD5会出现文件大小一致但是MD5不正确的情况），这个需要客户端在同步的时候使用 "-c" 作为参数。
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refuse options = dry-run |
- 编辑/etc/default/rsync 启动rsync作为使用xinetd的守护进程
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$ sudo vim /etc/default/rsync |
修改
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RSYNC_ENABLE=inetd |
创建 /etc/xinetd.d/rsync 通过xinetd使rsync开始工作
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$ sudo vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync service rsync { disable = no socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/bin/rsync server_args = --daemon log_on_failure += USERID } |
启动/重启 xinetd
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart |
- 测试
运行下面的命令检查，确认rsync配置成功。
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$ sudo rsync user@www.mobibrw.com::ftp Password: drwxr-xr-x 4096 2006/12/13 09:41:59 . drwxr-xr-x 4096 2006/11/23 18:00:03 folders |
- 从服务器同步文件
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$ sudo rsync -cvazu --progress user@www.mobibrw.com::ftp /rsync Password: receiving incremental file list ./ ................................... |
c同步完成后校验文件MD5（慢，但是可靠）
v详细提示
a以archive模式操作，复制目录、符号连接
z压缩
u只进行更新，防止本地新文件被重写，注意两者机器的时钟的同步
--progress指显示进度
注意，如果需要为多个目录做独立的配置，可以参考如下配置（配置中设置了两个独立的同步目录"ftp"跟"movie"）
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# sample rsyncd.conf configuration file # GLOBAL OPTIONS #motd file=/etc/motd log file=/var/log/rsyncd # for pid file, do not use /var/run/rsync.pid if # you are going to run rsync out of the init.d script. # pid file=/var/run/rsyncd.pid #syslog facility=daemon #socket options= # MODULE OPTIONS [ftp] comment = public archive path=/nfs/MyCloud use chroot = yes # max connections=10 lock file = /var/lock/rsyncd # the default for read only is yes... read only = yes list = yes uid = root gid = root # exclude = # exclude from =# hosts allow = # hosts deny = # include = # include from = auth users = user secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets strict modes = yes # hosts allow = # hosts deny = ignore errors = no ignore nonreadable = yes transfer logging = no # log format = %t: host %h (%a) %o %f (%l bytes). Total %b bytes. timeout = 600 refuse options = dry-run dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.rpm *.deb *.iso *.bz2 *.tbz [movie] comment = public archive path= /nfs/Public/Shared Videos use chroot = yes # max connections=10 lock file = /var/lock/rsyncd # the default for read only is yes... read only = yes list = yes uid = root gid = root # exclude = # exclude from = # include = # include from = auth users = user secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.secrets strict modes = yes # hosts allow = # hosts deny = ignore errors = no ignore nonreadable = yes transfer logging = no # log format = %t: host %h (%a) %o %f (%l bytes). Total %b bytes. timeout = 600 refuse options = dry-run dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.rpm *.deb *.iso *.bz2 *.tbz |
- 通过计划任务定时同步
1.创建脚本文件,假定文件在/home目录
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$ vim rsync_backup.sh #!/bin/sh rsync -auvz --password-file=/home/rsyncd.secrets user@www.mobibrw.com::ftp /rsync |
2.赋予执行权限
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$ chmod +x rsync_backup.sh |
3.创建密码文件，自动填写密码
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$ vim /home/rsyncd.secrects password |
4.创建定时任务，每半小时自动检查备份一次
- 编辑计划任务文件,执行日志输出到 “/var/log/cron_rsync_backup.log”
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$ vim cron_rsync_backup */30 * * * * /home/rsync_backup.sh > /var/log/cron_rsync_backup.log 2>&1 |
- 增加计划任务
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$ crontab /home/cron_rsync_backup |
- 重启计划任务，使之生效
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$ /etc/init.d/cron restart |
- 检查是否已经成功增加计划
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$ crontab -l |